each worm has two stats: health and race progress.

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apples increase race progress a little..

battery juice increases race progress a lot, but damages health.

heart potions increase health.

poison decreases health and race progress. if the worm is already at minimum health, it decreases progress a lot.

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low health makes apples and battery juice less effective, and makes poisoning more effective. the current health effect on each item is shown in the worm's effects tab.